Germany’s F127 Frigates: Sea-Based Missile Defense for the Baltic Era

The Deutsche Marine’s most ambitious surface combatant program extends Zeitenwende to sea While Germany’s December 2025 deployment of the Arrow 3 system at Holzdorf has dominated headlines about German missile defense, an equally significant transformation is underway at sea. The Type F127 frigate program represents Berlin’s commitment to establishing comprehensive sea-based air and missile defense capability for the first time in German naval history. With … Continue reading Germany’s F127 Frigates: Sea-Based Missile Defense for the Baltic Era

AEGIS, SM-3, GBI, EKV, THAAD and PAC-3: The U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense System Architecture

The United States operates the world’s most sophisticated ballistic missile defense system, integrating multiple layers of sensors, interceptors, and command networks to counter threats across all phases of ballistic missile flight. Recent combat deployments and evolving threats have validated some capabilities while highlighting critical gaps that drive ongoing modernization efforts. Continue reading AEGIS, SM-3, GBI, EKV, THAAD and PAC-3: The U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense System Architecture